Show pagesourceDiscussionOld revisionsBacklinksBack to top Table of Contents Observational Astronomy Measurements This is an old revision of the document! Observational Astronomy Measurements Counts, Energy, Flux Magnitudes Generating Science Images Sources http://www.vikdhillon.staff.shef.ac.uk/teaching/phy217/instruments/phy217_inst_photcal.html https://www.baader-planetarium.com/en/blog/gain-and-offset-darks-flats-and-bias-at-cooled-cmos-cameras/ https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/astronomy/observatory/reduction_guide.pdf https://owd.tcnj.edu/~pfeiffer/AST261/AST261Chap11,Phot.pdf https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/phys/particle-physics/quanz-group-dam/documents-old-s-and-p/Courses/vp-asl-astro/tortorelli_data_reduction_steps.pdf https://image-analysis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse567-11/ftp/imgsens/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depletion_region https://www.photonics.com/Articles/Photon-Counting_CMOS_Sensors_Extend_Frontiers_in/a67740 https://www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/www_detector/ccdgroup/optheory/ccdoperation.html https://www.princetoninstruments.com/products/cosmos-family/cosmos/app-notes/advanced-cmos-detectors-for-astronomy https://starlink.eao.hawaii.edu/docs/sc5.htx/sc5se4.html#:~:text=The%20CCD%20is%20placed%20in,stored%20for%20later%20read%2Dout. https://physicsworld.com/a/advanced-cmos-detectors-enable-next-generation-astronomy/ https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/686472/how-does-a-cmos-image-sensor-manage-to-read-and-record-all-the-pixel-values-any https://www.brown.edu/research/labs/mittleman/sites/brown.edu.research.labs.mittleman/files/uploads/lecture04.pdf